Mobile filtration system and method

ABSTRACT

A filtration system comprising a floor panel and a plurality of wall panels connected to each other to define a box, at least one filtering wall vertically inclined and supported inward of a corresponding wall panel such as to define a first free space therebetween, a filtering floor horizontally inclined and supported above the floor panel such as to define a second free space therebetween, the filtering floor being connected to the filtering wall to define a filter chamber, a plurality of openings defined in the filtering wall and the filtering floor sized to let a liquid pass through and retain at least one target solid within the filter chamber, an inlet in fluid communication with the filter chamber, and an outlet in fluid communication with the first and second free spaces. A method of filtering at least one target solid from a liquid is also provided.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to filtration systems, particularly to such systems using gravitational drainage to filter at least one target solid from a liquid for separate disposal or recovery.

2. Background Art

Numerous industrial processes produce waste material in the form of a sludge which is composed of a liquid and at least one solid that must be separated for disposal or recovery of the components. Examples of such waste material include waste from animal or vegetal agri-food industries, manure, industrial sludge from fabrication processes of various products, used water, wet contaminated soil, etc. Typically, the liquid is separated from the solid using a filter which will retain the solid and let the liquid pass through. Generally, the fluid can be drawn through the filter either by gravity or by the use of a vacuum produced by a pump.

There exists a number of filter assemblies located within a mobile box, with a free space in the box around the filter assembly for receiving the liquid, such as is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,929,353 and 6,004,461, both to Harris, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,268 to Lake. Although such assemblies rely on gravity to extract the liquid from the sludge through the filter bed, the side filters, which are vertical, rely mainly on capillary action to force the liquid therethrough, which is slower and less efficient.

In addition, the systems presented in these patents usually require the change of filter material and/or mesh size when the nature of the material to be filtered is changed, thus preventing the manufacture of standard filter panels than can be employed with a variety of materials to be filtered.

Accordingly, there is a need for a mobile gravitational filtration system with increased efficiency, which can use standard filter panels for a variety of materials to be filtered.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

It is therefore an aim of the present invention to provide a gravitational filtration system having an increased efficiency.

It is another aim of the present invention to provide a filtration system with filtering walls using gravity to separate a liquid from at least one target solid.

It is a further aim of the present invention to provide a filtration system comprising standard filtration panels adapted for a variety of materials to be filtered.

Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a filtration system for separating at least one target solid from a liquid, the filtration system comprising a floor panel, a plurality of wall panels, the wall panels being connected to each other and to the floor panel to define a box, at least one filtering wall inclined with respect to a vertical plane such that a bottom edge thereof is located inward of a top edge thereof, the at least one filtering wall being supported inward of a corresponding one of the wall panels such as to define a first free space therebetween, a filtering floor inclined with respect to a horizontal plane along a first direction and supported above the floor panel such as to define a second free space therebetween, the filtering floor being connected to the at least one filtering wall to define a filter chamber, a plurality of openings defined in the at least one filtering wall and the filtering floor, the plurality of openings being sized to let the liquid pass through and retain the at least one target solid within the filter chamber, an inlet in fluid communication with the filter chamber, and an outlet in fluid communication with the first and second free spaces, whereby the liquid and the at least one target solid enter the filter chamber through the inlet in a mixed state, the at least one target solid being retained within the filter chamber while the liquid reaches the first and second free spaces through the plurality of openings before being evacuated through the outlet.

Also in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method of filtering at least one target solid from a liquid comprising the steps of providing a box having a floor panel and a plurality of wall panels, determining the nature of the liquid and target solid, selecting a filtering floor according to the nature of the liquid and target solid, installing the filtering floor above the floor panel such as to define a first free space therebetween, selecting an inclination angle for at least one filtering wall according to the nature of the liquid and target solid, installing the filtering wall inward of a corresponding one of the wall panels and at the selected inclination angle such as to define a second free space therebetween, connecting the filtering wall to the filtering floor to define a filter chamber, and pouring the liquid and target solid in the filter chamber so that the target solid is retained therein while the liquid passes through at least one of the filtering floor and filtering wall to be collected in at least one of the first and second free spaces.

Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a filtration system to filter a sludge, the filtration system comprising a box having impermeable bottom and side walls to form a container, at least a first filtration panel spaced from the bottom wall and defining a first plenum therebetween, the first filtration panel having a slope relative to a horizontal plane in a predetermined direction, at least a second filtration panel spaced from one of the side walls and defining a second plenum therebetween, the second filtration panel having an inward slope relative to a vertical plane, the first and second filtration panels being such as to permit a liquid from the sludge to pass through to the respective plenums while retaining a least one solid from the sludge above the filtration panels, and means for draining the liquid from the first and second plenums.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration a preferred embodiment of the present invention and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a filtration system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view, in cross-section, of the filtration system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view, in cross-section, of the filtration system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front view, in cross-section, of a filtration system according to a first alternative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a front view, in cross-section, of a filtration system according to a second alternative embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 6 is a front view, in cross-section, of a filtration system according to a third alternative embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, a filtration system 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. The filtration system 10 comprises a box 12 receiving therein a filtering assembly 14.

The box 12 includes a floor panel 16, a front wall panel 18, two side wall panels 20, a rear wall panel 22 and two top wall panel portions 24. The wall panels 18,20,22, top panels portions 24 and floor panel 16 are rectangular and interconnected to define a sealed enclosure 26 having a partially open top. Preferably, the wall panels 18,20,22 extend perpendicularly to the floor panel 16 and to the top wall panel portions 24.

The box 12 is preferably a truck box of a roll-off type, such as to be carried by a truck. Alternatively, the box 12 can be a trailer such as to be directly towed by a vehicle. The rear wall panel 22 is connected to the rear top wall panel portion 24 through hinges 27 such as to be openable to facilitate cleaning of the enclosure 26 and filtering assembly 14. The rear wall panel 22 is maintained in a sealed closed position by a plurality of locks 29 engaging the side wall panels 20 and floor panel 16. Alternatively, the rear wall panel 22 can be hingedly connected to one of the side wall panels 20 or to the floor panel 16, or be completely removable.

The rear wall panel 22 includes at least one and preferably two to four outlets 28 along a bottom part thereof, the outlets 28 being alternatively opened and closed by appropriate means such as valves or removable caps. The partially open top acts as an inlet to the box 12. Alternatively, the box 12 can have a closed top with an inlet, such as a pipe, incorporated therein.

The floor and wall panels 16,18,20,22,24 of the box 12 are preferably made of metal such as steel or aluminium.

The filtering assembly comprises a filtering floor 30, a front filtering wall 32, and two side filtering walls 34. The filtering walls 32,34 are preferably rectangular. The filtering floor 30 has a front edge 36 connected to the front filtering wall 32, side edges 40 that are each connected to a respective one of the side filtering walls 34, and a rear edge 38 sealingly engaged to the rear wall panel 20. The filtering walls 32,34 are connected to each other and the side filtering walls 34 each have a rear edge 42 sealingly engaged to the rear wall panel 20. Thus, a filter chamber 44 is defined by the filtering walls 32,34, the filtering floor 30 and the rear wall panel 20. It is also contemplated to provide a rear filtering wall similar to the front filtering wall 32 or to use fewer filtering walls, e.g. omitting the front filtering wall 32 and sealingly engaging a front edge of each of the side filtering walls 34 to the front wall panel 18.

As can be best seen in FIG. 3, the filtering floor 30 includes two vertically inclined filtering panels 46, each having a bottom edge forming one of the side edges 40 of the filtering floor 30. The filtering panels 46 are inclined toward each other with top edges thereof connected by a filtering strip 48. It is also contemplated to have the top edges of the filtering panels 46 directly connected to each other.

The filtering floor 30 is supported above the floor panel 16, such as by metal channels, to define a first free space 50, or plenum, under the filter chamber 44, between the filtering floor 30 and floor panel 16. The first free space 50 is in fluid communication with the outlets 28 defined in the rear wall panel 22. As can be best seen in FIG. 2, the filtering floor 30 is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane (shown in broken lines) to improve filtration by minimizing stagnation of solid waste on the filtering floor 30. The front edge is 36 preferably higher than the rear edge 38 to facilitate cleaning of the filter chamber 44 through the open rear wall panel 22. A preferred inclination is represented by a height difference between the front edge 36 and the rear edge 38 of between 19.05 and 50.8 millimeters (¾ inch and 2 inches, respectively), for a filtering floor having a length of 8.5 meters (28 feet).

Referring to FIG. 3, each of the side filtering walls 34 extends inward of a respective one of the side wall panels 20 such as to define a second free space 52, or plenum, therebetween. The side filtering walls 34 are vertically inclined, with a bottom edge 54 thereof located inward of a top edge 56 thereof. Preferably, the top edge 56 is connected to the corresponding side wall panel 20. A preferred inclination is represented by the filtering side wall 34 forming an angle of about 10 degrees with the vertical side wall panel 20. As seen in FIG. 2, the front filtering wall 32 similarly extends inward of the front wall panel 18 in a vertically inclined position, the second free space 52 thus being defined around the front and sides of the filter chamber 44. The second free space 52 is in fluid communication with the outlets 28 through the first free space 50.

The filtering floor and walls 30,32,34 are preferably made of an outer structural frame 58 (see FIG. l) supporting a wire mesh 60 (see FIG. 3) which, in turn, supports a filtering membrane 62 (see FIG. 3) forming the inner surface of the filter chamber 44. The structural frame 58 is preferably composed of metal channels. The wire mesh 60 is preferably metallic, with openings having a size between 6.35 and 25.4 millimeters (¼ and 1 inch). Preferred metals for the structural frame 58 and wire mesh 60 are stainless steel and aluminium. The filtering membrane 62 is preferably made of Textilene™, with openings having a diameter between 0.1 to 1 millimeter. The structural frame 58, wire mesh 60 and filtering membrane 62 are interconnected through means well known in the art, one example being the use of flat metal strips 64 (see FIG. 3) placed over the membrane 62 and screwed into the frame 58 such as to sandwich the membrane 62 and mesh 60 therebetween.

In operation, and with the rear wall panel 22 closed, a mix of a liquid and at least one solid is poured into the filter chamber 44 through the inlet or partially open top of the box 12. Under the action of gravity, the liquid passes through the filtering membrane 62 of the filtering floor and walls 30,32,34 to reach the first and second free spaces 50,52. The liquid accumulates in the bottom of the box 12, in the first free space 50, and is removed from the box 12 through the outlets 28. The solid is retained by the filtering membrane 62 within the filter chamber 44 where it is accumulated. As stated above, the angle of the filtering floor 30 with respect to the horizontal minimizes stagnation of the solid waste, thereby reducing clogging of the membrane 62 and improving the flow of liquid therethrough. The angle of the filtering walls 34 with respect to the vertical increases the filtering efficiency by allowing the use of gravity to force the liquid therethrough, instead of relying mainly on capillary action.

When the filter chamber 44 is full of solid waste, and the liquid has been removed through the outlets 28, the box 12 can be appropriately mounted on a truck (not shown) to be moved to a dump site, where the solid can be removed from the filter chamber 44 through the open rear wall panel 22. The cleaning process can be facilitated if the truck has means to incline the box 12 by elevating a front end thereof, as is well known in the art.

Applicants have found that although the filtering system 10 is adapted to filter a variety of materials, preferable uses therefor include the filtration of waste from animal agri-food industries and wet contaminated soil.

Now referring to FIGS. 4-6, three alternative embodiments of the present invention are shown. Most of the elements of these alternative filtration systems are similar to the elements of the filtration system 10 of FIGS. 1-3, and as such are represented by the same reference numerals. The difference between the alternative filtration systems and the first filtration system 10 resides in the shape of the filtering floor.

Referring to FIG. 4, the filtering floor 130 of the first alternative filtration system 110 is composed of a single filtering panel 146 which is semi-circular in shape. The filtering panel 146 is curved so that its lowest points are located along the side edges 140 of the filtering floor 130. This embodiment is preferably used for filtering waste such as pig manure or industrial sludge.

Referring to FIG. 5, the filtering floor 230 of the second alternative filtration system 210 is composed of a single filtering panel 246 which is flat. This embodiment is preferably used for rapid filtration processes, such as the filtration of used water or waste from vegetal agri-food industries.

Referring to FIG. 6, the filtering floor 330 of the third alternative filtration system 310 is composed of two flat filtering panels 346, each flat filtering panel 346 having one longitudinal edge forming the side edge 340 of the filtering floor 330 and another longitudinal edge connected to a vertically inclined filtering panel 347. The inclined filtering panels 347 are inclined toward each other with top edges thereof connected by a filtering strip 348. It is also considered to have the top edges of the inclined filtering panels 347 directly connected to each other. The first free space 350 extends under the filtering floor 330 and between the filtering panels 347. This embodiment is preferably also used for rapid filtration processes such as the filtration of used water or waste from vegetal agri-food industries, and for slower filtration processes such as the filtration of waste from animal agri-food industries.

All of these alternative embodiments 110,210,310 function following the operational steps described above for the filtration system 10. Like the filtering floor 30, the filtering floors 130,230,330 are preferably composed of an outer structural frame supporting a wire mesh supporting a filtering membrane. Also like the filtering floor 30, the filtering floors 130,230,330 are supported above the floor panel 16 such as to define a first free space therebetween, and are inclined with respect to a horizontal plane.

Before installation within the box 12, the type of filtering floor and the inclination of the filtering walls 32,34 are thus selected according to the nature of the material to be filtered. For materials that are more difficult or slower to filter (e.g. materials with a high grease content, a high density, etc), the selected inclination of the filtering walls 32,34 will be more pronounced, such as to have a greater portion of the gravitational force perpendicular to the filtering wall 32,34 forcing the liquid therethrough. A filtering floor such as shown in FIGS. 3-4 is also preferred for such materials that are more difficult to filter. The proper combination of floor type and wall inclination can be determined by testing with a sample of the material to be filtered.

Adapting the inclination of the filtering walls and the type of filtering floor to the material to be filtered allows for a same filtering membrane to be used for different materials, i.e. the size of the filter openings in the filtering walls can be kept constant. This allows for standard filtering wall panels to be manufactured, a specific filtration system being assembled for a specific material to be filtered by choosing the appropriate type of filtering floor and inclination angle of the filtering walls.

The embodiments of the invention described above are intended to be exemplary. Those skilled in the art will therefore appreciate that the foregoing description is illustrative only, and that various alternatives and modifications can be devised without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims. 

1. A filtration system for separating at least one target solid from a liquid the filtration system comprising: a floor panel; a plurality of wall panels, the wall panels being connected to each other and to the floor panel to define a box; at least one filtering wall inclined with respect to a vertical plane such that a bottom edge thereof is located inward of a top edge thereof, the at least one filtering wall being supported inward of a corresponding one of the wall panels such as to define a first free space therebetween; a filtering floor inclined with respect to a horizontal plane along a first direction and supported above tb-; floor panel such as to define a second free space therebetween, the filtering floor being connected to the at least one filtering wall to define a filter chamber; a plurality of openings defined in the at least one filtering wall and the filtering floor, the plurality of openings being sized to let the liquid pass through and retain the at least one target solid within the filter chamber; an inlet in fluid communication with the filter chamber; and an outlet in fluid communication with the first and second free spaces; whereby the liquid and the at least one target solid enter the filter chamber through the inlet in a mixed state, the at least one target solid being retained within the filter chamber while the liquid reaches the first and second free spaces through the plurality of openings before being evacuated through the outlet.
 2. The filtering system according to claim 1, wherein the inclination of the at least one filtering wall with respect to the vertical plane is selected according to the nature of the liquid and the at least one target solid to be filtered.
 3. The filtration system according to claim 1, wherein the filtering floor has a convex semi-circular cross section di,fined between two bottom edges extending along the first direction.
 4. The filtering system according to claim 1, wherein the filtering floor includes first and second panels having parallel top and bottom edges extending along the first direction, the first and second panels being inclined with respect 10 the vertical plane such that the bottom edges extend farther apart from each other than the top edges.
 5. The filtering system according to claim 4, wherein the top edges are connected together by a third panel.
 6. The filtering system according to claim 1, wherein the filtering floor includes a flat panel.
 7. The filtering system according to claim 1, further including a filtering partition extending upward from the: filtering floor along the first direction, the filtering partition including a third free space therewithin in fluid communication with the outlet, he filtering partition including a second plurality of openings sized such as to let the liquid pass into the third free space and retain the at least one target solid.
 8. The filtering system according to claim 7, wherein the filtering partition includes first and second panels having parallel top and bottom edges extending along the first direction, the first and second panels being inclined with respect to the vertical plane such that the bottom edges extend farther apart from each other than the top edges.
 9. The filtering system according to claim 8, wherein the top edges are connected together by a third panel.
 10. The filtering system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of wall panels include a front wall panel, a rear wall panel and first and second side panels, and wherein the at least one filtering wall includes a front filtering wall supported inward of the front wall panel and first and second side filtering walls respectively supported inward of the first and second wall panels, the first and second side filtering walls and the filtering floor each having an edge sealingly engaged to the rear wall.
 11. The filtering system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of openings are circular and have a diameter between 0.1 and 1 millimeters.
 12. The filtering system according to claim 1, wherein the box is transportable by a truck. 13 The filtering system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one filtering wall and the filtering floor include a channel structure supporting a wire mesh, the wire mesh supporting a filtering material including the plurality of openings.
 14. The filtering system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is water.
 15. The filtering system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid and at least one target solid form a mix selected from the group composed of manure, waste from an agri-food industry, industrial sludge, used water, and wet contaminated soil.
 16. A method of filtering at least one target solid from a liquid comprising the steps of: providing a box having a floor panel and a plurality of wall panels; determining the nature of the liquid and target solid; selecting a filtering floor according to the nature of the liquid and target solid; installing the filtering floor above the floor panel such as to define a first free space therebetween; selecting an inclination angle for at least one filtering wall according to the nature of the liquid and target solid; installing the filtering wall inward of a corresponding one of the wall panels and at the selected inclination angle such as to define a second free space therebetween; connecting the filtering wall to the filtering floor to define a filter chamber; and pouring the liquid and target solid in the filter chamber so that the target solid is retained therein while the liquid passes through at least one of the filtering floor and filtering wall to be collected in at least one of the first and second free spaces.
 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the filtering floor is installed above the floor panel to be inclined with respect to a horizontal plane.
 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the filtering floor is selected from the group composed of a convex semi-circular panel, an assembly of first and second panels inclined with respect to the vertical plane and toward each other, a flat panel, and two flat panels connected by a central filtering partition.
 19. A filtration system to filter a sludge, the filtration system comprising: a box having impermeable bottom and side walls to form a container; at least a first filtration panel spaced from thc bottom wall and defining a first plenum therebetween, the first filtration panel having a slope relative to a horizontal plane in a predetermined direction; at least a second filtration panel spaced from one of the side walls and defining a second plenum therebetween, the second filtration panel having an inward slope relative to a vertical plane, the first and second filtration panels being such as to permit a liquid from the sludge to pass through to the respective plenums while retaining a least one solid from the sludge above the filtration panels; and means for draining the liquid from the first and second plenums.
 20. The filtering system according to claim 19, wherein the inward slope of the second filtering panel is selected according to the nature of the sludge.
 21. The filtration system according to claims 19, wherein the first filtration panel has a convex semi-circular cross section.
 22. The filtering system according to claim 19, wherein the first filtration panel has an outward slope relative to the vertical plane and is connected to an opposed third filtration panel to defined a filtering floor, the filtering floor having a vertical plane of symmetry extending along the predetermined direction.
 23. The filtering system according to claim 19, wherein the sludge is selected from the group composed of manure, chaste from an agri-food industry, industrial sludge, used water, and wet contaminated soil 